Number to Words Converter
Numbers spelled out in English, for checks too.
Roman Numerals Converter
This Roman numerals converter works both ways: type 2026 to get MMXXVI, or type a numeral to get the number. It checks the numeral is written correctly and suggests the right form when it isn't.
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Type 1 to 3,999 (or up to 3,999,999 with the vinculum), or a numeral such as MMXXVI. A bar over a letter multiplies it by 1,000; you can also type the barred part in parentheses, like (IV)CCC for 4,300.
- Result
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- How it adds up
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How to use the Roman Numerals Converter
- Type a number such as 2026, or a numeral such as MCMXCIV.
- The converter spots which one you typed and shows the other.
- For numbers above 3,999, turn on Vinculum. A bar over a letter multiplies it by 1,000.
How it works
Seven letters carry the values:
| Symbol | Value |
|---|---|
| I | 1 |
| V | 5 |
| X | 10 |
| L | 50 |
| C | 100 |
| D | 500 |
| M | 1,000 |
Letters are added from left to right, except that a smaller letter before a larger one is subtracted. Only six subtractive pairs are standard: IV (4), IX (9), XL (40), XC (90), CD (400), and CM (900). A letter repeats at most three times in a row.
Examples
- 2026 = MMXXVI (MM + XX + VI).
- 1994 = MCMXCIV (M + CM + XC + IV).
- XLII = 42.
- IIII is not standard; the converter suggests IV.
Numbers and years in Roman numerals
| Number | Roman numeral |
|---|---|
| 4 | IV |
| 9 | IX |
| 14 | XIV |
| 40 | XL |
| 90 | XC |
| 400 | CD |
| 1,999 | MCMXCIX |
| 2,000 | MM |
| 2,024 | MMXXIV |
| 2,025 | MMXXV |
| 2,026 | MMXXVI |
| 3,999 | MMMCMXCIX |
Why IIII shows up on clocks
Many clock faces write 4 as IIII instead of IV. It balances the VIII on the other side of the dial and follows an older tradition. In modern standard notation, used for book chapters, movie credits, and Super Bowl numbers, 4 is always IV, and that is what this converter writes.
There is no Roman numeral for zero or for negative numbers.
Limitations
- Zero, negative numbers, and fractions have no standard Roman form.
- Without the vinculum, the largest number is 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX).
- Non-standard numerals such as IIII, VX, or IC are rejected, with the standard form suggested.
Frequently asked questions
How do you write 2026 in Roman numerals?
MMXXVI: MM for 2,000, XX for 20, and VI for 6.
What is the largest Roman numeral?
In standard form, 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX). With a bar over letters to multiply by 1,000, you can go up to 3,999,999.
Is there a Roman numeral for zero?
No. The Romans had no numeral for zero.
Why is 99 not IC?
Only I, X, and C can be subtracted, and only from the next two larger letters. So 99 is XC (90) plus IX (9): XCIX.
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